The ficus carica “Petite Negra” fig tree will start producing fruit relatively quickly (usually when it’s still less than a foot tall).
Dwarf versions of most citrus plants will grow well indoors—the challenge isn’t getting them to grow, but rather to produce fruit
Dwarf Moorpark apricots are easy to grow indoors. Like a lot of “pit” or “stone” fruit trees, you can grow one from the pit, but if you do, you can expect to wait a few years to get actual fruit from it.
Be careful when selecting a banana tree variety, as many will grow well indoors, but not all of them produce fruit you can eat
Dwarf Mulberry trees can be “trained” to be more like bushes or hedges, making them a good choice for indoor growing
Yes, coffee is a fruit—the beans we roast and grind to make our life-saving Go Go Juice is the stone of the coffee cherry, actually
Kumquats are citrus plants, but they’re generally easier to grow than lemons or oranges, and several varieties are more or less designed for container living